How to Grow Lavender From Seed
To grow lavender from seed, start by selecting high-quality seeds from a reputable supplier.
Cold stratify the seeds by refrigerating them for 3-6 weeks.
Sow seeds on the surface of a moist, well-draining seed starting mix indoors, 10-12 weeks before the last frost.
Maintain the soil temperature above 60°F, misting daily. Germination takes 15-20 days.
Once seedlings are established, provide ample light and moderate watering.
Transplant them into larger pots with well-draining soil, and gradually acclimate them to outdoor conditions.
Ensure they receive full sunlight and plant them in slightly alkaline soil.
For more detailed instructions, continue reading.
Key Takeaways
- Cold stratify lavender seeds by refrigerating them for 3-6 weeks before sowing to enhance germination rates.
- Start seeds indoors 10-12 weeks before the last expected frost, using a well-draining seed starting mix.
- Keep soil temperature above 60°F (15°C) and lightly mist daily to maintain consistent moisture.
- Ensure seedlings receive at least 6 hours of direct sunlight daily, or use grow lights if necessary.
- Transplant seedlings into well-draining soil, spacing them 12-18 inches apart to promote air circulation and healthy growth.
Choose High-Quality Lavender Seeds
| Aspect | Description |
|---|---|
| Scientific Name | Lavandula |
| Family | Lamiaceae |
| Origin | Native to the Mediterranean region, including parts of Europe, Africa, and Asia |
| Appearance | Lavender plants are small shrubs with gray-green leaves and purple, blue, or violet flowers arranged in spikes |
| Aroma | Lavender is well-known for its sweet, floral scent, often used in aromatherapy and perfumery |
| Uses | Commonly used in essential oils, perfumes, culinary dishes, herbal remedies, and as ornamental plants |
| Growth Conditions | Prefers well-drained soil and full sun; drought-tolerant once established |
| Symbolism | Represents purity, calmness, and serenity |
| Harvesting | Flowers are typically harvested in the morning when oil concentration is highest |
| Benefits | Known for its relaxing properties, helps with anxiety, insomnia, and skin irritations |
When choosing lavender seeds, ensure you purchase from a reputable source to guarantee high germination rates and healthy seedlings. High-quality seeds are crucial for cultivating robust lavender plants that others can enjoy.
Select seeds specifically bred for your intended use, whether for fragrance, flavor, or ornamental value. Different lavender varieties offer unique attributes. For instance, Lavandula angustifolia is renowned for its strong fragrance, while Lavandula x intermedia is often chosen for its ornamental appeal.
Consider the growing conditions and climate of your region. Some varieties are more tolerant of extreme weather conditions. For example, Lavandula dentata thrives in warmer climates, whereas Lavandula stoechas handles cooler temperatures better. Matching the variety to your local climate will improve your success rate.
Verify that the seeds are high-quality and have been stored properly to maintain viability. Improperly stored seeds may have lower germination rates. Check the seed packet or supplier for storage conditions and viability period.
Lastly, follow the specific instructions on sowing, germination, and care provided by the seed packet or supplier. Different lavender varieties may have unique requirements. Attention to these details will help you grow healthy lavender plants that can serve and delight others.
Select a Growing Method
When choosing a growing method for your lavender seeds, you can opt for starting indoors, direct planting, or winter sowing.
Starting indoors in cell trays provides better control over germination conditions and typically results in a higher success rate.
Direct planting and winter sowing are ideal for those with mild climates and sufficient garden space.
Starting Indoors
To start growing lavender indoors, begin by sowing seeds 10-12 weeks before the last frost in a tray with good drainage and a well-draining seed starting mix. Lavender seeds need cold stratification, so refrigerate them for 30-40 days before sowing. Once ready, sow the seeds shallowly on the surface of the starting medium.
Maintain a soil temperature above 60°F (15°C) and mist the soil lightly each day to keep it moist but not waterlogged. Place the tray in a warm, sunny spot or under a grow light to provide the necessary warmth and light for germination.
When the seedlings reach about 2 inches tall, transplant them into larger pots filled with a well-draining potting mix containing perlite. This step is crucial to prevent waterlogged soil, which can harm the young plants.
Before moving the seedlings outdoors, harden them off by gradually exposing them to outdoor conditions over 7-10 days. This process helps prevent shock and prepares them for their new environment.
Direct Planting
Directly planting lavender seeds outdoors requires careful timing and method to ensure successful germination and growth.
Choose a location with at least six to eight hours of direct sunlight daily. Early spring or late fall is ideal for planting outdoors. Ensure the area has well-drained, sandy, alkaline soil, which lavender prefers.
To sow the seeds, scatter them evenly over the soil's surface and lightly cover them with a thin layer of soil, no more than 1/8 inch deep. Press down gently for good soil contact.
Water the area lightly but consistently, keeping the soil moist until the seeds germinate, which usually takes 15 to 20 days.
Once the seedlings have at least two sets of true leaves, thin them out to about 12 inches apart.
This spacing allows for proper air circulation and reduces the risk of disease. Continue to water moderately, ensuring good drainage.
With proper care, your lavender plants will establish themselves, adding beauty and fragrance to your garden.
Winter Sowing
Winter sowing lavender seeds outdoors can effectively replicate their natural cold stratification process, enhancing germination success. This method involves sowing lavender seeds outside during the winter months, typically between December and February. By doing so, you harness natural cold stratification to break seed dormancy and promote germination.
To begin, prepare a seed tray or small pots with a well-draining seed-starting mix. Scatter the lavender seeds on the surface and water them lightly. Label each tray or pot with the date and type of seeds to track your planting. Place the trays or pots in a sunny outdoor location.
Maintain the soil consistently moist but not waterlogged throughout the winter to provide necessary moisture without causing rot. As temperatures rise in spring, the seeds will naturally germinate, often resulting in stronger, more robust plants.
Winter sowing is a low-maintenance, cost-effective method for starting lavender seeds, making it an excellent choice for gardeners aiming to cultivate beautiful, fragrant plants.
Preparing Seed Trays or Pots
When preparing seed trays or pots for lavender, use a well-draining seed starter mix with added perlite to prevent waterlogged soil. A seedling tray with good drainage is crucial for indoor seed starting. Lavender seeds thrive in well-draining soil, so ensuring proper drainage helps prevent root rot and promotes healthy growth.
Fill your seedling tray with the seed starter mix, leaving a small gap at the top. Cold stratify your lavender seeds by refrigerating them for 3-6 weeks before sowing. This process mimics natural overwintering, aiding in breaking seed dormancy and increasing germination rates.
After cold stratification, place your seeds on the surface of the soil in the seedling tray. Maintaining the right soil temperature is vital. Lavender seeds germinate best when the soil temperature stays above 60 degrees Fahrenheit. Use a soil thermometer to monitor this. If needed, a heat mat can help maintain consistent warmth.
Mist the soil lightly each day to keep it moist but not waterlogged. Avoid using a heavy stream of water as it can displace the seeds. Providing ample light is another key factor for successful germination. If natural sunlight is limited, use grow lights to ensure your seeds receive enough light.
Position the grow lights about 2-3 inches above the seedling tray and keep them on for 12-16 hours a day.
Sow the Seeds
To sow lavender seeds, start by placing them on the surface of a well-draining seed starting mix in your seedling tray. Ensure the mix is moist but not soggy. Lavender seeds require light for germination, so gently press them into the mix without covering them.
Begin sowing your lavender seeds indoors about 10-12 weeks before the last expected frost. This allows your plants to establish before transplanting them outdoors. Place your seedling tray in a warm, bright location, ideally where it receives at least 6 hours of direct sunlight daily. If natural light is insufficient, use grow lights to supplement.
Maintaining the correct temperature is crucial for lavender seed germination. Aim for a soil temperature above 60°F (15°C). A heating mat can help achieve this, but be careful not to overheat the soil, as this can inhibit germination. Lightly mist the soil daily to keep it consistently moist, avoiding waterlogging to prevent seed rot.
Lavender seeds are slow to germinate, typically taking 15 to 20 days. Patience is essential. Once your seedlings sprout and reach about 2 inches in height, transplant them into larger pots with a well-draining potting mix that includes perlite. This prevents waterlogging and promotes healthy root development.
Provide Optimal Conditions
To provide optimal conditions for your lavender seedlings, ensure they receive full sunlight and are planted in well-drained, slightly alkaline soil.
Maintain good air circulation around the plants to prevent fungal issues.
Keep the temperature between 65-75°F during the day and above 55°F at night for healthy growth.
Sunlight
To help lavender thrive, ensure it receives at least 6 hours of direct sunlight each day. Lavender flourishes in full sun, so placing your plants where they can soak up ample sunlight is crucial.
If you're growing lavender indoors, position them near east-facing windows to capture the gentle morning light. East-facing windows provide the right balance of bright, indirect sunlight without overheating the plants.
To optimize your indoor lavender's sunlight exposure:
Use grow lights: During winter or in low-light conditions, supplement natural light with grow lights to ensure your lavender receives adequate illumination.
Rotate plants: Regularly rotate your lavender pots to ensure all sides receive equal sunlight, promoting uniform growth.
Monitor placement: Avoid low-light areas, as insufficient sunlight can lead to weak, spindly plants with reduced fragrance.
In regions with intense afternoon sun, consider using stone mulch around your lavender plants. This helps radiate heat and amplify warmth, creating a more stable growing environment.
Well-Drained Soil
Maintaining well-drained soil is essential for healthy lavender growth, as it prevents waterlogging and root rot.
Start by selecting a soil mix that supports excellent drainage. Enhance regular soil by mixing in sand or limestone fines, which help create a slightly alkaline environment ideal for lavender. Aim for a soil pH between 6.0 and 7.0; you can achieve this by incorporating lime, bone meal, or compost into your soil.
Avoid heavy clay soils, as they retain too much water and can cause root rot. Instead, opt for a well-draining potting mix designed for herbs. If planting lavender in containers, ensure the potting mix drains excess water quickly.
Adding perlite or vermiculite can improve both drainage and aeration. For optimal results, consider raised soil mounds or adding crushed oyster shell or limestone gravel. These not only enhance drainage but also help maintain the desired pH levels.
Proper soil conditions are crucial for robust growth and vibrant blooms, ensuring your lavender thrives in its environment.
Air Circulation
Ensuring good air circulation is crucial for the health and growth of lavender plants. Proper airflow helps prevent fungal diseases and promotes robust development.
To achieve optimal air circulation around your lavender plants, consider the following guidelines:
Spacing: Space lavender plants 12-18 inches apart to avoid overcrowding. This spacing allows air to move freely around each plant, reducing competition for air and minimizing the risk of fungal infections.
Pruning: Prune lavender plants regularly, especially from late summer to fall. Pruning decreases foliage density, improving air circulation and creating a more open structure. Removing excess branches and leaves helps the plant breathe better and lowers the risk of fungal diseases.
Containers: For lavender grown in containers, ensure they're placed in a location with adequate air circulation around the pots. Avoid clustering multiple containers together, as this can trap moisture and increase humidity, leading to potential root rot and other moisture-related issues.
Germination Time
Germination Time for Lavender Seeds
Germination time for lavender seeds can vary depending on whether you start them indoors or outdoors.
Indoor Germination:
Typically within 7 to 10 days. Optimal temperatures between 65°F to 75°F (18°C to 24°C), sufficient light, and adequate moisture are required. Lavender seeds require cold stratification to break dormancy. This involves placing seeds in a damp paper towel, sealing them in a plastic bag, and refrigerating them for 30 to 40 days. After stratification, place one seed per bio sponge or on top of a starting medium. Lightly cover the seeds and maintain necessary light and warmth.
Outdoor Germination:
Often takes 15 to 20 days, potentially up to 3 weeks. Variability in outdoor temperatures and moisture levels can impact germination speed and success. Scatter seeds on well-drained soil, cover them lightly, and use a row protector to shield from harsh elements.
Transplanting
After your lavender seedlings have germinated and developed at least two sets of true leaves, it's crucial to prepare them for transplanting outdoors to ensure their healthy development.
Hardening Off: Gradually expose your lavender seedlings to outdoor conditions over the course of a week. Start by placing them outside for a few hours each day, gradually increasing their time and exposure to sunlight. This helps the seedlings acclimate to their new environment and reduces transplant shock.
Choosing the Right Location: Select a site with well-draining soil and full sunlight. To enhance drainage and prevent root rot, consider mixing perlite into the soil. Lavender also prefers slightly alkaline soil.
Preparing the Soil: Mix perlite into the soil to improve drainage. Ensure the soil is sandy and slightly alkaline, which is ideal for lavender.
Planting: Space your lavender seedlings 12-18 inches apart to allow for proper air circulation and growth. Dig holes deep enough to accommodate the root ball.
Watering: Water the seedlings lightly. Avoid overwatering, as lavender is prone to root rot. Ensure the soil is moist but not soggy.
Container Transplanting: If you're transplanting lavender into containers, use terracotta pots. These pots allow for better air circulation and moisture control, essential for the healthy growth of lavender seedlings.
Outdoor Planting
When planting lavender seeds outdoors, ensure the soil temperature is at least 60°F (15°C) and that the last frost has passed. Timing is crucial to avoid the risk of cold weather damaging your efforts.
Start by preparing the soil. Lightly scratch the surface to loosen it, and add some potting mix if the soil quality needs improvement. Good soil preparation is key to successful planting. Ensure the soil is well-drained and slightly alkaline, as lavender thrives in these conditions.
Plant the lavender seeds shallowly, no more than 1/8 inch deep, and space them 6-8 inches apart. This spacing allows the seedlings enough room to grow without overcrowding. After planting, water the seeds lightly and keep the soil consistently moist for the first few weeks. Consistent moisture aids germination, which typically occurs within 15 to 20 days.
In regions with mild winters, consider direct sowing in the fall. This allows the seeds to naturally stratify over the winter, improving germination rates in the spring. Plant the seeds at a depth equal to their length.
Protect your seeds from wildlife and adverse weather conditions. Use row protectors or lightweight covers to shield them from birds and pests. Monitor local weather to adjust your watering schedule and provide additional protection during unexpected cold snaps.
Caring for Lavender Plants
To care for your lavender plants, water them sparingly and let the soil dry out between waterings to prevent root rot.
Prune regularly to promote bushier growth and remove any dead or diseased branches.
Ensure they receive ample sunlight and are planted in well-draining, slightly alkaline soil for optimal health.
Watering Frequency
Watering lavender requires a careful balance, as these plants thrive in well-drained soil and can suffer from overwatering. Lavender seeds need a good drainage system from the start. When the top layer of soil feels dry, it's time to water. After transplanting the seedlings, monitor their moisture levels closely to avoid common pitfalls.
Newly transplanted seedlings should be watered thoroughly to help establish roots. Ensure that the water reaches the roots but doesn't pool around the plant. This encourages deep root growth and helps the plant become drought-resistant.
For the first few weeks, water your lavender plants every few days. Check the soil moisture 2 inches below the surface and water only if dry. This period is vital for the plants to adapt to their new environment.
Once established, lavender prefers less frequent watering. Typically, watering once every two weeks is sufficient. Adjust the frequency based on weather conditions and soil drainage. In hot, dry climates, you might need to water weekly.
Pruning for Growth
After ensuring your lavender plants are watered correctly, it's important to focus on pruning to promote healthy growth and abundant blooms.
Pruning lavender at the right times and in the right way is key to maintaining a healthy, vibrant plant.
Start by pruning in late summer to fall. This encourages bushy growth and improves air circulation, helping to prevent fungal diseases that thrive in humid conditions.
When pruning, cut back one-third to one-half of the plant's height. This promotes new growth and prevents legginess. Make each cut at a 45-degree angle just above a leaf node to encourage healthy, robust growth.
It's also beneficial to prune again in the spring to maintain a neat shape and boost blooming potential.
However, avoid pruning in late fall, as new growth may not harden off before winter.
Soil and Sunlight
Lavender thrives in full sun and well-draining soil, requiring at least six hours of direct sunlight daily. The ideal soil is sandy and alkaline, often improved with sand or limestone fines for better drainage. Poor drainage can lead to root rot, so it's crucial to maintain soil conditions that prevent excess moisture.
To care for lavender plants, follow these steps:
Soil Preparation: Enhance garden soil with sand or limestone fines to improve drainage. Adding crushed oyster shell or limestone gravel can create the slightly alkaline environment lavender prefers.
Spacing: Space plants 12 inches apart to ensure good air circulation, reducing the risk of fungal diseases that flourish in humid conditions.
Mulching: Apply a thin layer of stone or gravel mulch around the plant base. This helps retain heat and improve drainage, replicating lavender's native Mediterranean habitat.
Troubleshooting Common Issues
When growing lavender from seed, addressing common issues is essential for healthy plant development.
Ensure your soil drains well to prevent root rot caused by overwatering.
Provide adequate light to avoid legginess in seedlings.
Additionally, promptly manage any pests and diseases to maintain plant health.
Overwatering
Overwatering can be a significant challenge when growing lavender from seed, as it can lead to root rot and hinder germination.
Lavender seeds are particularly susceptible to overwatering, which can result in poor germination rates and damping off.
To avoid these issues, it's crucial to use a well-draining seed starting mix that prevents the soil from becoming waterlogged.
Tips to Prevent Overwatering:
Mist Lightly Daily: Instead of soaking the soil, mist it lightly each day. This method provides the seeds with the necessary moisture without waterlogging them.
Monitor Soil Moisture: Check soil moisture by sticking your finger into the soil up to the first knuckle. If it feels dry, it's time to water. This simple check helps prevent overwatering.
Ensure Proper Air Circulation: Good air circulation around the seedlings reduces the risk of damping off. Place your seedlings in a well-ventilated area.
Insufficient light
Ensuring your lavender seedlings receive adequate light is crucial to prevent them from becoming weak and leggy. Aim to provide 12-14 hours of indirect sunlight or 4-6 hours of direct sunlight daily. If natural light is insufficient, especially in winter or low-light areas, use a grow light to supplement.
Place your seedlings in a bright location and use mirrors or reflective surfaces to maximize light exposure. Gradually increase their exposure to direct sunlight as they mature to avoid scorching, helping them adapt without being overwhelmed.
In persistently low-light areas, consider using a cold frame or greenhouse to provide the necessary light and temperature conditions. The goal is to ensure your lavender seedlings receive enough light to grow strong and healthy.